Betalov spodmol is cave shelter near Postojna. First excavator was Anelli (1932 - 1939), who was succeeded by Srečko Brodar (1947 - 1953). Brodar identified many layers, which were later united in six complexes. First complex is sterile, while in others he found stone tools, hearths and animal remains. The oldest tools are Pre-Mousterian. Together with them were the remains of cave bear and denningeri bear. The most important complexes are those with typical Mousterian tools: Levallois flakes, blades and points, Mousterian points and side scrapers. In oldest parts of the Mousterian complex Levallois technique is common, while later it gradually decreases.

Neanderthals mostly lit their fires with pine, but some deciduous charcoal and pollen is also present in Mousterian layers. In younger complexes there are Gravettian stone tools. Among the animal remains the bones of cave bear are still present, together with bones of marmot, elk, reindeer, arctic fox and other animals. In Holocene layers, mesolithic and younger artefacts were found.

Divje babe I was the cave bear lair and most of animal skeletal remains belong to this animal. In one of the phosphate concretions even fossilized cave bear hair was found. Hair was conserved because of the phosphate environment, which is ideal for preserving organic materials.

Among the stone tools from Mousterian horizons there are side scrapers, denticulates, borers, retouched flakes and the bifacially retouched tool, which is very interesting find, since bifacial retouch is rare in Slovenian Mousterian. Some of the tools are made with Levallois technique. One of the characteristics of stone tool industry is steep retouch, which might be result of heavy use of tools for wood, bone or stone working. The raw material is mostly tuff, but low quality chert and other silica rich rocks are also present. In Mousterian horizon D the most interesting object from Divje babe I was found. That is about 55.000 year old Neanderthal flute, made from cave bear bone. It was in the breccia layer near one of the hearths.

Vindija Cave is archaeological site in Croatia, which has several occupations associated with both Neanderthals and Anatomically Modern Humans (AMH).
Vindija includes a total of 14 levels dated between 25,000 and 45,000 years ago, spanning the Middle Paleolithic and Upper Paleolithic periods. The site was first excavated in the late 19th century, and more extensively excavated between 1974 and 1986 by Mirko Malez of the Croatian Academy of Sciences and Art.

In addition to extensive archaeological and faunal remains, remains from over 100 separate hominins have been found at Vindija Cave. Specimens in Level G3, the lowest hominin-bearing level, are Neanderthals (38,000-45,000 years bp) and are associated with exclusively Mousterian artifacts.